纺织科技进展

针对废旧纺织品回收技术瓶颈，梳理分选分类、预处理、回收转化3阶段流程，阐述各环节技术原理与进展。在分选阶段，光谱-视觉融合识别提升多参数同步识别能力，产品数字护照打通信息壁垒，推动分选向主动溯源升级。在预处理阶段，差异化开松工艺减少纤维损伤，绿色剥色体系实现脱色与纤维保护平衡。在回收转化阶段，化学法、生物酶法及低共熔溶剂体系实现涤棉高效分离，热化学处理为难分离混纺织物提供兜底方案。3阶段的协同发展为构建高效、低碳回收体系提供理论依据与实践参考。

In response to the technical bottlenecks in waste textile recycling, the three-stage process of sorting and classification, pretreatment, and recycling conversion was outlined, with the technical principles and progress of each stage elaborated. During the sorting stage, spectral-visual fusion identification enhances multi-parameter synchronous recognition capability, while product digital passports break down information barriers, promoting the transition of sorting toward active traceability. In the pretreatment stage, differentiated opening processes reduce fiber damage, and green stripping systems achieve a balance between decolorization and fiber preservation. In the recycling conversion stage, chemical methods, bio-enzymatic approaches, and deep eutectic solvent systems enable efficient separation of polyester-cotton blends, while thermochemical treatments provide a fallback solution for difficult-to-separate mixed fabrics. The coordinated development of these three stages offers a theoretical basis and practical reference for building an efficient and low-carbon recycling system.